Bangladesh
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Contents |
To Do
0) Timeline:
Ongoing Tasks: Ensure all of our materials are here and we know how to use them:
- Pressure sensors - Bucket/Spigot - Tubing with syringe for known solution injection - Sentek sensors - Connectors for sensors
Dec 20: Temperature sensors are constructed
Dec 22: Buy airline tickets
Dec 23: Decide how we will transport materials (Carrying with us). Get enclosure
Dec 29: Test Enclosure
Jan 3: Get letters together, and list of items to pack and send to Charlie
Get Charlie's letters
jan 4: Materials for other pylons from Richard
Figure out how to transport solutions. Do we need to use de-i water? How can we get it (can we get it at BUET?)
jan 5: Learn pressure sensor
Jan 6:
Ask airline:
- Can we tape box closed
- Can we bring 50 regular C batteries
- Can we bring deep cycle marine battery
- How do we transport our materials - can we tape a box closed? Can we transport PVC
Buy packing materials needed
Jan 8: Drift tests are done
Jan 8-9: Pylon construction
Jan 10-11: Test entire pylon (so everything must be done - sensors, enclosures, temperature sensor constructions).
Jan 12: Order 3 enclosures. Deploy at Ballona
Deploy in the fresh water, and dump water to test. get expected values (by dumping sensor directly in the water), and compare that with what we are getting. - Tie tube to sensors to test readings
Jan 13-17: Calibrate sensors
Jan 18-19: Pack
1) BACKUP PLAN:
- 3 pylons, 3-depths of ORP, moisture, temperature; 1 pressure at bottom
* Use JR enclosures
- 1 Pylon:
* 3-depths of ORP, pH, Ammonium, Calcium, moisture, temperature
* Pressure is at bottom depth
* 2-depths Nitrate, Chloride, Carbonate (at top and bottom depth)
- Ask Tom for an extra Nitrate sensor (not needed until the new year),
or more if possible. Ideas about where to deploy - Priority for Sentek would be 1 Nitrate, chloride, carbonate - 2nd priority: 2pH, 3 ammonium, calcium, nitrate, chloride, carbonate
5) Sensors
UCLA - ask Andy daily Calling Sentek - emailed Tom/Robert
To Do Upon Arrival in Bangladesh
1) Buy car batteries
2) Find somebody who can watch the deployment at night
Packing List
- Paperwork
* Letters (Letters can be found here) - Introduction letter (from dean/director): I am a grad student etc. Purpose of trip. This is part of a collaborative project with BUET. We will be bringing back all the material we take and that its all environmental and non-hazardsous - Invitation letter from BUET - Letter from BUET saying everything we take will be brought back (for customs/importation tax purpose) - Full packing list - with serial numbers! - Datasheets for all hardware (motes, stargates, data boards) - Receipts and manuals for all sensors * Passport * Immunization records * Cash * Contacts for all Bangladesh people
Full Packing List
Stargate Enclosure
- Metal Enclosure * Inner metal plate with holes for mounting charge controller, stargate, load output * Hole drilled on top for external antennae - Brackets/screws for mounting solar panel, enclosure to post, and post to base - Mounting brackets for post to wooden base - 2 charge controllers to connect a solar panel to a rechargeable battery - Solar Panel - Car charger (female) with wires to connect to load on charge controller - Car charger (male) soldered to stargate plug to provide power - Wires from charge controller to battery, and solar panel - Wooden base + post (with holes drilled in it)
Mote Enclosure
- 3 Enclosure for motes - Posts + screws for 3 enclosures - Metal standoffs + screws to mount motes - Rubber standoffs (to screw sensor board to mote to keep them connected)
Tools
- 2 Wire strippers/ 2 Wire cutters - Slip wrench - 2 small screw driver sets ** Voltmeter - Solder pencil & Solder - Augur ** Vaccuum Grease (for easy un/loosening of screw-on posts) - Full screw driver set ** 2 charge inverters (convert from car charger to AC output) - Solar panel connector - Pliers - Scissors - Pipe wrench (for augur),
Hardware
- 30 Motes (12 deployment + spares). About 6 broke (just battery connectors, re-solderable), and 1 had a bad battery voltage measure - 100 D batteries, 20 battery packs. We used about 15 - 4 Stargates (1 deployment + 3 spares) We used 1 - 2 Deep cycle marine batteries - 3 USB programming boards (for field re-programming where power isn’t available), 2 Serial programming boards - Wire to connect sensors to circuit boards (pre-cut for expected lengths) - 2 laptops + chargers (3 WOULD have been nice! or at least 1 extra battery for each) - Laptop carrier (for in-field protection) - 3 Ethernet cables/2 Crossover cables - 3 Null Model Cables (we used 2) - 3 serial cables (didn't use any) - Extra wire (didnt use it, but probably good) - Laptop Base-station (didn't use it) - 3 USB 2 serial cables (used 2) - 2 CDRom drives (1 for each laptop) - Extra Coax cables (to extend length of sensors). didnt use - 3 Flash cards (we used 1) - 5 Flash -> PCMCIA cards (we used 1) - Software for Pressure sensor ** Portable phMeter (for in-field testing of sensors)
Sensors
- 63 Ion Selective electrodes (9 suites of: pH, ORP, ammonium, calcium, carbonate, chloride, nitrate) * 70 BNC female breakout connectors (Digikey) to convert BNC connector to 2 wires - 9 Moisture sensors (+3 spares): * Includes breakout connectors to convert moisture sensor plug to 3 wires from manufacturer - 9 Temperature sensors - 3 Pressure sensors - Re-agents for calibration
Miscellaneous
- 2 Flash lights (powerful - for peering down narrow holes) - Silicon sealant - 5 Plug adapter (convert from Bangladesh to US plug outlet). Click here for info. - Power Strip - Tarp (place soil on it for easy replacement of each layer of soil) - Masking and Electrical Tape - Retractable Measuring Tape - Labeler - Velcro (for mounting of batteries inside mote enclosures) - Gardening gloves - Purell/Wet ones (in-field hand cleaning) - Rubber Bands - Scissors - Zipties/Ziploc Bags/Post it Notes - Rope - Extension Chord - Fishing wire (attach to sensors for placement, and to help pull them out at the end) - squirt bottles (for calibration) - Digital thermometer (for calibration, and in field) - multi-color labeling tape - bucket for field supplies (KEY!) - Twisties (nice for fastening things short term, instead of zip-ties) - Tables for field were very convenient - Stools would be nice - Tent (sets safety boundaries – esp when lots of kids are around) - small 1st aid kit - magnet (useful for retrieving small metal objects from deep, thin holes) - garbage picker upper (for placing sensors in deep holes) - tamper
Calibration
Packaging
1) Connectors - we ordered connectors from Digi-key. They connect to the BNC male connector from Sentek, and on the other side have 2 wires that connect to the sensor-board: www.pomonaelectronics.com: 4969 BNC (F) To 20 AWG LEADS
2) Sentek says not to share ground connections on the sensor board. We get around this problem by sampling one sensor at a time. (We found that sampling multiple at a time does result in averaging as they reported). Sampling one sensor at a time means that - since we have to average over 10 readings for a sensor, and readings are 6 secs apart, we take all 10 readings from one sensor, and then all 10 readings from the next sensor.
Use silicone for exposed wire, heat shrink tubing
MH: Protect against perching birds on enclosure and/or solar panels: taper structures to a point (on both ends). Any protrusions are potential perches. Some sort of pointy projections several inches long might deter (but hopefully not skewer) a wood-be roosting bird or mammal.
Vandalism :camouflage the pylons as best you can (at least paint them the color of the substrate, and harden them, ie concrete around the base). Add a sign: indicating that the sensors aren't worth anything but are collecting important information for the benefit of the community.
TH: Use caly/bentonite to tamp around the top of the pipe to prevent short circuiting of surface water. Use gypsum powder (make paste and pour into the hole) next to sensors to wick water to the sensor.
Bangladesh: Continually submerged in 6 inches of water, want to keep stuff as much out of site as possible
RG: Minimize size of the hole to minimize disturbance to soil
BK: If could have fewer sensors, use Javelin (doesn't work with > 4 sensors).
Try to bury the node, or have a box (containing motes) that can be attached/detacccehd
Ballona Deployment
1 pylon, no base station (either do lonely motes, or have stargate with battery) 1 depth: pressure sensor 2 depths: moisture, pH, Calcium, ammonium, chloride, carbonate, nitrate, temperature
Pt Mugu Deployment
1 pylon for now (several more in the spring): Same as Ballona, additionally 1 gas oxidation sensor and 5 depths: of ORP, moisutre
1 Base station (use base station for bangladesh?)
Bangladesh Deployment
6 pylons, 3 depths (.5m, 1m, 2m) - 3 pylons with full suite - 3 pylons with just soil temperature, moisture, and ORP 1 Base station (constructed)
Sensors Status
Sensor Connection Testing-Status #we-have/want Company Model#
cost
Moisture 2.5V 1/12 Echo Echo-10
10/27:$840
Ammonium No voltage 2/? Sentek
$405
Calcium "" 2/? Sentek
$405
Carbonate "" 2/? Sentek
$405
Chloride "" 2/? Sentek
$405
Nitrate "" 2/? Sentek
$405
ORP "" 17/17 Sentek
$105?
pH 4/? Sentek
$105
Temperature 2.5V ?/?
Oxygen 12 V 1/? Apogee
$389
Needs constant 12V for heater only under 100% moisture conditions!
Pressure/Level $500?
For each depth:
calcium, carbonate, chloride, nitrate, ammonium
ORP, Moisture, Temperature, pH,
pressure
-----------------
Total: $2020 + $105 + $40 + $105 + $500 = $2770
Per pylon (3 depths): $8310
For 1 FULL pylon: we need -
For all 3 pylons we need: (9-2) * calcium, carbonate, chloride, nitrate, ammonium = $4860
(9-4) * pH = ??
(20) * temperature = $20
n * oxygen = n * $430?
We COULD: get rid of chloride? Do 1 carbonate per pylon?
Calibration Equations
Moisture (dont sample > 1/15-20 minutes):
V = ADC-val * 2.5 / 4096
Moisture = (100 * (.000936 * (V * 1000) - 0.376) * 2 )
white-> signal, silver -> ground, red -> data (on the adapters anyway)
Calcium changes 24mV-28mV/Decade
pH changes 59mV/decade of concentration
Connection Information: > From Ken Petrie (Sentek): maxim 406 ship will work. have a circuit in catalogue for pH board
The electrode's outputs can go "through zero" in negative voltages so the boards ideally should take an output of + 1999mV.
The other point to remember is that each board should be isolated from the others as they will cross talk or averaging between the sensors if the grounds are common.
JR keeps moisture sensors >= 1foot (meter?) away from each other to avoid interference Extra information: "The ECH2O probe measures the dielectric constant of the soil in order to find its volumetric water content. It does this by finding the rate of change of voltage applied to the sensor once it is buried in the soil. There are other probes that measure water content this way, but the ECH2O probe is the only one of its kind to have a comparatively low sensitivity to saline and temperature effects in the soil. Furthermore, it has a very low power requirement."
Augur: http://www.soilmoisture.com/PDF%20Files/sse.pdf
Palmdale
This will get you close, then just stay on Ave N for another half mile and look for gate on RHS.
Driving Directions 1. Start out going NORTHEAST on W SUNSET BLVD. (0.05 miles)
2. Merge onto I-405 N. (16.34 miles)
3. Merge onto I-5 N. (3.00 miles)
4. Merge onto CA-14 N toward PALMDALE/LANCASTER. (29.58 miles)
5. Take the ANGELES FOREST HWY exit toward PEARBLOSSOM HWY. (0.21 miles)
6. Take the ramp toward PEARBLOSSOM HWY/LITTLEROCK/VICTORVILLE. (0.50 miles)
7. Merge onto SIERRA HWY. (0.83 miles)
8. Left? onto PEARBLOSSOM HWY. (3.60 miles)
9. Right on Rancho Vista Blvd (Ave P.)
10. Left on 40th (or 47th which becomes 50th St E?)
11. Rt in middle of road (Blue Tank on your left), and go right at the Y once you are on the dirt road
NR: Alternate (But I think wrong directions) 9. Turn LEFT onto 47TH ST E. (2.60 miles) 10. Stay STRAIGHT to go onto 50TH ST E. (3.63 miles) 11. End at 50th St E & E Avenue N Palmdale, CA 93552 US
Total Estimated Time: 1 hour, 3 minutes
The entrance to the site is near the intersection of 50th St. EAST (important, NOT west which is far in the other direction) and Avenue N in Palmdale. It is a gated entrance on Avenue N approx. 0.5 mi east of 50th St East. Then you have to drive into the site^×just follow the dirt road and you^Òll find us out by the smallest pivot (sprinkler system). [NOTE: there should be a purple ^ÑReclaimed Water/Don^Òt Drink^Ò sign by the gate]
TRACKING EXPENSES
1) Sensors:
2) Machine Shop - ~$400
3) Digi-Key - ~$58
4) Radio-Shack - (NOT SUBMITTED YET)
5) Hardware Store - ~$120 (Ask Marci)
6) Augur - (Ask Marci)
7) Pressure Sensors - (Ask Marci)
8) Bucket/Spigot (Ask Marci)
Pylon Construction
1) Cut wires: assuming the sensors are buried at depths: 2 feet, 4 feet, and 6 feet. and we are giving ourselves 2 feet of flex in the wire lengths.
* Total length: 4 feet (pylon length above ground) + 2 feet (pylon length below ground) + 2 feet (wires come back up) + 2 feet (flex) + (2 or 4 or 6 feet) = 12, 14, 16 feet
* Each sensor has a wire that is a different length. Some sensors do not require wire extensions:
- Moisture sensor, ORP sensor, and pH sensor are all around 16 feet
- Temperature sensor is 9 feet
- NH4, Ca, Cl, CO3, NO3 are all
2) Sensors:
* For temperature sensor see: http://sensorbase.org/~kchang/jr/SensorConstruction/
3) Stargate:
* Configuring flash storage: http://www.lecs.cs.ucla.edu/wiki/index.php/Configuring_the_flash_on_your_stargate * If it keeps rebooting, disable watchdog: Remove link /etc/rc2.d/S04stargate-watchdog * To access dmesg: replace /lib/modules/2.4.19-rmk7-pxa2-star/kernel/drivers/platx/gpiomon.o cockatoo:/scratch/auto-platx/platx/kernel/drivers/platx/gpiomon.o. If it complains about write access, disable watchdog and remove the module: rmmod gpiomon.o
4) Connections
* Moisture sensor: white (excitation), red (analog out), bare (ground) * Temperature: black (analog out), orange (excitation), bare (ground)
